Psychoanalytical analysis is a form of analysis that focuses
on the conscious and unconscious thoughts and actions that motivate people or
characters. It puts a reason behind every motivation, even to explain why
pieces of media, such as television and movies, were created in the first
place. Motivations can be deep or easy to understand.
What lies within the consciousness of a person can be put
into three categories- the conscious, the subconscious, and the unconscious. This
is referred to as the “mental iceberg.” The conscious is the top, what is
visible, and is everything one is aware of. The subconscious is where memories
and knowledge is stored and can be accessed when desired. The unconscious is
hidden, and is where all of the undesirable or unacceptable behaviors and wants
are stored, such as fears, violent motives and sexual thoughts. There is also a
category that puts a label behind these motives and what people do with them.
These three are the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is
the part of the mind that only wants to fulfill pleasurable desires. This can
be someone who only cares about themselves, and does what they please whenever
they can. The opposite is the superego, which takes into account morals and
sticks to those beliefs. The ego is a balance of both doing what is pleasurable
but also what’s morally right.
By understanding these categories, it is possible to try to
understand the reasoning behind character’s motivations and can be used to
bring about a message.
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